Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. The planet is named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty. After the Moon, it is the brightest natural object in the night sky, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6, bright enough to cast shadows. Because Venus is an inferior planet from Earth, it never appears to venture far from the Sun: its elongation reaches a maximum of 47.8°. Venus reaches its maximum brightness shortly before sunrise or shortly after sunset, for which reason it has been known as the Morning Star or the Evening Star.
The name of Venus
Venus, the Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty, is equal to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. The meaning of Venus is "charm" in archaic Latin. Venus is also known as Venus Verticordia (Goddess of Chastity) and Venus Victrix (Goddess of Victory).
About Venus
Venus is classified as a terrestrial planet and it is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" due to the similar size, gravity, and bulk composition. Venus is covered with an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid, preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light. Venus has the densest atmosphere of all the terrestrial planets in our solar system, consisting mostly of carbon dioxide. Venus has no carbon cycle to lock carbon back into rocks and surface features, nor does it seem to have any organic life to absorb it in biomass. A younger Venus is believed to have possessed Earth-like oceans, but these evaporated as the temperature rose, leaving a dusty dry desertscape with many slab-like rocks.
Venus Facts
The planet is named for Venus, the Roman goddess of love.
Venus is about the same size as Earth.
Venus rotates in a retrograde (backward) direction.
At its closest, Venus is only 42 million kilometers from Earth.
Venus has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Atmospheric pressure at the surface is 90 times that of Earth.
Volcanism on Venus
Volcanic Plains
Smooth plains formed by fluid lava cover most of Venus. A dense pattern of fractures covers the plains in this image. Narrow ridges and fractures such as these form when the crust is pulled and pushed by geologic forces. Width of image area: 198 km (123 mi.)
Great Volcanoes
Volcanoes of all sizes are found on Venus, from thousands of small domes that dot the plains to large mountains. This volcano, Sapas Mons, is 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) tall and surrounded by lava flows. Two steep volcanic domes occur at the summit. Both show evidence of massive landslides along their flanks. The image color is computer generated. Width of image area: 617 km (383 mi.)
Canali
Canali are lava-carved channels similar to the sinuous rilles found on the Moon. The arrows in this image point out one such feature. Canali can extend more than 5,000 kilometers (3,000 miles), longer than on any other planet. They probably formed when very hot fluid lava erupted onto the surface. Width of image area: 158 km (98 mi.) Future Missions to Venus
Even after the highly successful Magellan mission, many questions about Venus remain unanswered.
1.How old is the surface? Has Venus undergone massive volcanic resurfacing? Is volcanic activity still underway?
2.Do different areas have different kinds of rock? How do the surface and atmosphere interact chemically? How quickly does weathering occur?
3.What is the precise chemical composition of the atmosphere? How does it vary with location and altitude? When and how did Venus's runaway greenhouse effect occur? Did Venus ever have an ocean?
Future missions may answer some of these questions. They could include long-lived landers, specialized descent probes, aerobots (controllable balloons), and long-term orbital atmospheric monitoring satellites.
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