Europa

 
       Europa is the sixth moon of the planet Jupiter, and the smallest of its four Galilean satellites.

      Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and possibly independently by Simon Marius. The naming scheme was suggested by Simon MariusSlightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and probably has an iron core.

Structure

About Europa

        It is believed that Europa has frozen-ice upper crust, some as liquid ocean underneath the ice. Recent magnetic field data from the Galileo orbiter showed that Europa has an induced magnetic field through interaction with Jupiter's, which suggests the presence of a subsurface conductive layer. The layer is likely a salty liquid water ocean. The crust is estimated to have undergone a shift of 80°, nearly flipping over (see true polar wander), which would be unlikely if the ice were solidly attached to the mantle. Europa probably contains a metallic iron core.

• Outer surface is all of icy with Lineae.[ Lineae is lines in English ]


• There is all of liquid ocean underneath the ice. The ocean is twice of Earth’s ocean.

• Third layer is mantle.


• In the middle of Europa is Core, it is Metallic core.


• Europa has an induced magnetic field through interaction with Jupiter's.

Atmosphere

• first described in 1995, revealed that Europa has a tenuous atmosphere composed mostly of molecular oxygen (O2).


• The surface pressure of Europa's atmosphere is 0.1 μPa.


• In 1997, the Galileo spacecraft confirmed the presence of a tenuous ionosphere around Europa created by solar radiation and energetic particles from Jupiter's magnetosphere


Orbit and Rotation


• Europa orbits Jupiter in just over three and a half days, with an orbital radius of about 670,900 km.


• With an eccentricity of only 0.009, the orbit itself is nearly circular.


• Orbit eccentricity because of Europa has an induced magnetic field through interaction with Jupiter's and Jupiter gravity

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Credit : Nineplanet